1. The countries that are more dependent on imported natural resources are the European Union, United States, China, and India. Introductory Chapter: Economics, Natural Resources and Sustainable Some regions have extensive forests and fertile soil, making them suitable for agriculture, while other regions are dry and arid, limiting their agricultural potential. Explore their influence on human populations and some consequences of their use. You must be a member holding a valid Society membershipto view the content you are trying to access. | 32 Natural Resource Location: Geologic, Climatic & Biological Factors "corePageComponentGetUserInfoFromSharedSession": true, 3 International law is understood here in broad terms, as including hard and soft law, international treaties, and global/transnational regimes regulating both public and private conduct. 213. 24 For a critical account of the reasons for Colliers success among the political elites see Keen, D., Greed and Grievance in Civil War, (2012) 88 International Affairs 757CrossRefGoogle Scholar. (eds. Not all areas of the world have the same natural resources. From Crude oil, we get many petroleum products such as petrol, diesel, and gas. NDllNWRkYjQ1NDIwMGJmZGRjYmYxNjUxNWYxZWYwNDljY2ZiMDgxM2I3NzUy The TC acknowledges that [t]his was the first instance of the hiring of mercenaries in Sierra Leone, but many others would follow, especially during the conflict. What are natural resources? AP Enviro - 6.4 Distribution of Natural Resources | Fiveable Natural resources are materials or substances that are produced by the environment. Canada, Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, and Australia are examples of companies that are rich in natural resources such as oil reserves, natural gas, coal, or timber. 81 See, e.g., Global Witness, The Truth about Diamonds, 15 November 2006, available at www.globalwitness.org/en/archive/truth-about-diamonds/. Everyone consumes natural resources, directly or indirectly. Governing Liberias Forests in the Aftermath of Conflict, (2015) 22 International Peacekeeping 26CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Resource Distribution and its Consequences - ThoughtCo A human settlement is a place where people live. OGUyYjg2NGM1MzU5ZWI2NDMzZWI4OWE4OWEyMmY4ODBhNTMwNGMxNTI1YTE4 In other words, where resources are located. 5. Access, or the lack thereof, contributes to a places economic development, political relationships, and culture. Their production/consumption isn't equally spread between countries. 135 Orford, Muscular Humanitarianism, supra note 19, at 705. NWI0MmQ1ODJjNzE4MGUyNDY2YmUyMjI2N2ZiYzI0YjJiZDU0NWI1ZTYyZDNl ZmYwMjIzZDdhMzU3NGU0ZTFlYjhjZTBiZDdhNzZjYzRiZDNlZDdiNzc5MjFk Environmental interactions and management. All life forms, including humans, depend on natural resources to survive. Some regions may enjoy fertile soils or plenty of vegetation while others have abundant precious stones. MTg2ZTNmMDliM2YzNTkxODU2ZjE2NDM2Y2UwN2IxMWYyMmUyZmFjNmE3MmM5 S/RES/1306 (2000) (Sierra Leone); UNSC Res. ), Reconstructing Atrocity Prevention (2016), 249, at 2567. 82 See, e.g., UNEP, From Conflict to Peacebuilding: The Role of Natural Resources and the Environment (2009), at 7. 5 for a discussion on how colonial stereotypes and heroic narratives underpin humanitarian and post-conflict interventions. For example, coal allowed the United Kingdom to fuel the Industrial Revolution and develop technological advances. Distribution of resources Food, water and energy are resources that help maintain social and economic wellbeing. (2009) Global demand for wood. Zjc4NGJmM2IxNjdmZTQyNGM1MTUzMWU3NWFiZGU3NjRiZDc2ZTY0NTVlZDYw (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. 51 Lahiri-Dutt, supra note 40, at 19. What is obscured by the current focus on greed and ineffective resource governance? 124 Marks, S., Human Rights and Root Causes, (2011) 74 The Modern Law Review 57CrossRefGoogle Scholar, at 71. A/64/866S/2010/386; UNEP, Addressing the Role of Natural Resources in Conflict and Peacebuilding (2015). ODYxZTNhODIwY2RlNDU0MzU5OTY5MjVmZGRiMzY4YzJjNGU3MTBlOTYxN2Jh Cluster 2: Natural ResourcesOverview This cluster has three learning experiences. This website helped me pass! 36 See, e.g., Whittemore, L., Intervention and Post-Conflict Natural Resource Governance: Lessons from Liberia, (2008) 17 Minn. J. Intl L. 387Google Scholar. This KS3 unit provides a series of lessons, complete with activities and associated materials focusing on natural resources, in order to provide teachers with support for the 2014 geography curriculum. NzdlMDgzN2FjZWU1YTg3ZjFmN2U1YWVmM2ExNmZhZTBiNTY1MDg0YjIzMmFk Physical factors - Population, distribution, growth and change - BBC NzlkZTFiNmZmMzg2YjQwODljNzI5OTY4NjQ5YTdiZDI4ZWE1ZjJhYjRiYjQ4 This variation is largely due to geological and geographic factors, such as the types of rocks and minerals that are present in a particular region and the availability of water, sunlight, and fertile soil. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/resource-distribution-and-its-consequences-1435758. Sewing Machine Parts & Diagram | Types & Parts of a Sewing Machine, Mapping Patterns of Resources in North America, Natural Resources | Definition, Types & Examples, Contemporary Approaches in Geography: Area, Spatial, Locational & Geographic Systems Analysis, Natural Resources Lesson for Kids: Definition & Examples, Gravity Model Uses & Examples | Gravity Model of Migration. S/PRST/2007/22; Report of the Secretary-General on Peacebuilding in the Immediate Aftermath of Conflict (11 June 2009), UN Doc. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. Natural resources Global Dimension Human Rights, Development, and the Third World, (2013) 22 Qui Parle 63CrossRefGoogle Scholar, at 75, observing how the effort of linking the Third Worlds vision of development to human rights failed, as the language of rights is constructed in a way that that is inadequate for purposes of bringing any claims of global redistribution . Natural resources can help societies and economies to progress. 84 For an excellent overview of the different critiques levelled against the existing conceptualization of human rights see A. Chadwick, Law and The Political Economy of Hunger (2019), at 17685. What factors affect population density and distribution? David has a bachelor's degree in architecture, has done research in architecture, arts and design and has worked in the field for several years. The Differences Between Communism and Socialism, The History of Singapore's Economic Development, Socialism in Africa and African Socialism. Feature Flags: { Distribution of natural resources is influenced by: Type of rocks Age of the rock How the rock formed 2. However, different international actors and legal regimes put an emphasis on different aspects of conflict-related resource exploitation. S/2003/779, para. 57 See, e.g., M. Boas, Marginalised Youth, in M. Bs and K. C. Dunn (eds. This lesson explores issues related to commodity markets introducing the idea that natural resources are extremely valuable and that there are a complex series of international interrelationships based on these resources. Extractive Industries, Host Countries, and the International Community in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding, (2016) 7 Natural Resources 239CrossRefGoogle Scholar; P. Lujala and S. A. Rustad, High-Value Natural Resources and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding (2012); Brown, K., War Economies and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding: Identifying a Weak Link, (2012) 3 Journal of Peacebuilding and Development 6CrossRefGoogle Scholar; K. Conca and J. Wallace, Environment and Peacebuilding in War-torn Societies: Lessons from the UN Environment Programmes Experience With Post-conflict Assessment, in D. Jensen and S. Lonergan (eds. Some also get a lot of income from their resources, in the form of tourism and recreation. "Resource Distribution and its Consequences." Resource distribution refers to the geographic occurrence or spatial arrangement of resources on earth. Wang, Wei This unequal distribution of resources, the legacy of imperialism, is the result of human rather than natural conditions. The second half of the lesson will focus on how the distribution has led to a web of international relationships through the global trade in oil as well as issues around the limited supply of oil. NzE1YjA1Yjg1N2Y5NDQ5NmQyMzUyOTEwZGJlNjE2OGJkYTEwMmRmMmFhYmI2 Physical and human factors affecting population distribution Lecturer, School of Law, University of Essex. See, e.g., Statement by the President of the Security Council (2007), supra note 37, at 23 (emphasis added). Economic activities in a region related to the resources in that region. SITE MAP, Cookies on the RGS website Arizonas right to use water from this river stems from the Colorado Compact, an agreement established in 1922. Resource distribution refers to the geographic occurrence or spatial arrangement of resources on earth. See Anghie, A., The Heart of My Home: Colonialism, Environmental Damage, and the Nauru Case, (1993) 34 Harv. 2134 (2014) UN Doc. Your access to this site was blocked by Wordfence, a security provider, who protects sites from malicious activity. The Security Council [has] emphasize[d]s that, in countries emerging from conflict, lawful, transparent and sustainable management - at local, national and international level - and exploitation of natural resources is a critical factor in maintaining stability and in preventing a relapse into conflict. This uneven distribution has led to trade. The point of the war may not actually have been to win it, but to engage in profitable crime under the cover of warfare. Worldwide, the best soils are located in the southern part of Russia, in the South American pampas, and in the American prairies in the US. The state never had effective control of the diamond industry prior to or during the conflict period. 40 Lahiri-Dutt, K., May God Give Us Chaos, so that We Can Plunder: A Critique of Resource Curse and Conflict Theories, (2006) 49 Development 14CrossRefGoogle Scholar, at 14. 23 P. Collier, Doing Well Out of War: An Economic Perspective, in Berdal and Malone, supra note 22, at 91111; Collier, P. and Hoeffler, A., On Economic Causes of Civil Wars, (1998) 50 Oxford Economic Papers 563CrossRefGoogle Scholar. ZjNjNTM4MTczY2QwZjUzYmEzMTVhY2U3YjlkNzM3NTI2OWE1MDI3NzE0YmMx On this point see S. Pahuja, Conserving the Worlds Resources?, in J. Crawford and M. Koskenniemi (eds. ZjI2ODcwZTdiMjNlYjMwNWU1NmVlZmFjMmZhOTBiZDA2NmE4MmU1NWJjZjE0 77 Ibid., para. Natural resources are raw materials that exist naturally on the planet and were formed without requiring any human action. Core (iron-nickel alloy) 3. As a result of trade, Japan has enough wealth to buy the resources it needs. Natural resources are aspects of the natural environment from which goods and services can be obtained and produced. 56 Se Young Jang, The Causes of the Sierra Leone Civil War: Underlying Grievances and the Role of the Revolutionary United Front, E-IR, 25 October 2012, available at www.e-ir.info/2012/10/25/the-causes-of-the-sierra-leone-civil-war-underlying-grievances-and-the-role-of-the-revolutionary-united-front/. In fact, some of the wealthier countries lack natural resources, while many poorer countries have abundant natural resources! Natural resources influence where people live as well as their economic activities. NmU4M2Y5ZWUyMGJjM2NhNDBjNDFiZjQwOWMyN2I1YzQ5MWE2MjZkYjNiMzU4 The temperate deciduous forest biome provides a more moderate climate, along with fertile soil, timber, and abundant wildlife. 85 Ibid. Global Warming: Atmospheric Causes and Effect on Climate, Deforestation: Definition, Causes & Consequences, The Precautionary Principle and New Technologies & Products, U.S. Environmental History: Movements & Timeline, Scientific Evaluation of Environmental Problems: Process and Steps, The Scientific Method Applied to Environmental Problems: Definition, Steps and Applications, MEGA Social Science Multi-Content: The Foundations of Government, MEGA Social Science Multi-Content: US Government, Political Processes & Citizenship, MEGA Social Science Multi-Content: US Law & Criminal Justice, MEGA Social Science Multi-Content: Government in the US & Missouri, MEGA Social Science Multi-Content: Psychology, MEGA Social Science Multi-Content: Behavior & Biological Systems, MEGA Social Science Multi-Content: Psychology & Emotions, MEGA Social Science Multi-Content: Sociology, MEGA Social Science Multi-Content: Cultural Anthropology, MEGA Social Science Multi-Content Flashcards, Praxis World & U.S. History - Content Knowledge (5941): Practice & Study Guide, FTCE General Knowledge Test (GK) (082) Prep, Praxis Chemistry: Content Knowledge (5245) Prep, Praxis Social Studies: Content Knowledge (5081) Prep, Praxis Biology and General Science: Practice and Study Guide, Praxis Family and Consumer Sciences (5122) Prep, Praxis Biology: Content Knowledge (5235) Prep, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, Sociology 103: Foundations of Gerontology, Criminal Justice 101: Intro to Criminal Justice, Political Science 101: Intro to Political Science, Natural Resources Obtained from the Ocean Floor, Natural Resource Location: Geologic, Climatic & Biological Factors, Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators - Writing Essay Topics & Rubric, Early River Valley Civilizations in Afro-Eurasia, Early River Valley Civilizations in the Americas, Comparing Historical Developments Across Time & Geography, How to Pass the FTCE General Knowledge Test, Using Measurement to Solve Real-World Problems, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. 44 See, e.g., Watts, M., Oil, Development, and the Politics of the Bottom Billion, (2009) 24 Macalester International 79Google Scholar; L. Wengraf, The Pillage Continues: Debunking the Resource Curse, Review of African Political Economy, 2017, available at roape.net/2017/01/24/pillage-continues-debunking-resource-curse/#_edn14. Imperialists exploited and profited from the abundant natural resources of the acquired territories. The key areas of concern for environmental peacebuilding are described as follows: (i) re-establishing states control over natural resources by curbing illegal exploitation activities; (ii) reforming natural resource sector to jump start the economy; (iii) addressing land distribution issues as part of governance reforms; (iv) rebuilding basic infrastructures, including water and sanitation; (v) employing environmental remediation projects to foster co-operation, dialogue, and reconciliation. OGEzNTI4ZmM3YWEwNjYxZjI2Y2MwZTlmNzIwOTgxNDBiNTA0NmNlYzZjMzlh The TC found that from 1979 to 2003 no timber company had the legal right to log in Liberia. What Is Social Stratification, and Why Does It Matter? Spatial Interaction Movement & Examples | What is Spatial Interaction? Ultimately students will gain an appreciation for the variegated nature of natural resource . The distribution of natural resources can also be influenced by political, economic, and social factors, such as access to technology and infrastructure, trade policies, and the ability to exploit resources. Mjg4NmFlNjBkMGI1ZmQ5ZTU3MzA0YTk5MTIzYTI1ODA3Nzg4NGU4YzU4Nzc3 The NGO Global Witness focuses on the humanitarian impact of exploitation practices: conflict resources are natural resources whose systemic exploitation and trade in a context of conflict contribute to, benefit from, or result in the commission of serious violations of human rights, violations of international humanitarian law or violations amounting to crimes under international law. Overview of the Influence of Natural Resources and Population S/2004/616; Report of the UN Secretary-General, The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies (2011), UN Doc. 30 See, e.g., K. Ballentine and J. Sherman (eds. See the discussion at the 8372nd Meeting of the UN Security Council, Maintenance of International Peace and Security: Root Causes of Conflict The Role of Natural Resources, (16 October 2018), UN Doc. eyJtZXNzYWdlIjoiMTM5OWZmYTgyZmMxMDcyMDU0OTJiMWNmN2U4ODY3NmU3 63 Report Sierra Leonean Commission, supra note 60, para. In Sierra Leone and Liberia, the UN played a substantial role in the negotiation of the peace agreements that established the two truth-seeking mechanisms and in the implementation of said agreements. 102 For a critique of the use of criminal law to address human rights issues and of the progress narrative associated with the turn to criminal law see, e.g., Engle, K., Anti-Impunity and the Turn to Criminal Law in Human Rights, (2015) 100 Cornell Law Review 1069Google Scholar; V. Nesiah, Doing History with Impunity, in K. Engle, Z. Miller and D. Davis (eds. There is a significant global variation in the distribution of natural resources, with some regions being rich in certain resources and other regions being relatively poor. NjEwM2M0YmNjMjcyZDlhYmVhNWIwZDI4YjQyNGI0ZjRjZmUyZjM5OGM5ZTVl Large groups of people often migrate (move) to a place that has the resources they need or want and migrate away from a place that lacks the resources they need. 61 Schabas, W. A., Conjoined Twins of Transitional Justice? See also Obi, C., Oil Extraction, Dispossession, Resistance, and Conflict in the Niger Delta, (2010) 30 Canadian Journal of Development Studies 219CrossRefGoogle Scholar. 58 M. Beevers, Peacebuilding and Natural Resource Governance after Armed Conflict: Sierra Leone and Liberia (2019), especially Ch. Saudi Arabia's geological history of bodies of water allowed for the oxygen to decay to organic material to the bottom floor. This lesson explores issues related to diamonds and rare earths. Published online by Cambridge University Press: Constitutional Monarchies vs. Republics in Europe | What Is a Constitutional Republic? Her doctoral research at the University of Manchester focused on changing labour markets in Europe and her current research interests surround issues related to economic development. Because South America, Africa, and Australia have fewer of these geographic advantages, they have smaller populations than North America, Europe, and Asia. 17 See, e.g., Report of the UN Secretary-General, The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies (2004) UN Doc.
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